I went to the annual Education Week at the Y last week. Jeremy talked me into going to John Hall’s class. He did not need to twist my arm. John Hall was a colleague of Huge Nibley and I had two other colleagues of Nibley as teachers when I was in college, S. Kent Brown and C. Wilford Griggs, and I learned sooooo much from them. So, this week I gladly went to hear John Hall.
Disclaimer: Please bear in mind, this is my take on what John Hall said. I took notes but did not record it.
I had known from my college studies that the Great Christian Apostasy began during the life of the apostles, in 3 John, Galatians,Thessalonians, and Jude all show evidence of the Apostasy that was taking place. John Hall pointed out that the Apostasy was not gradual as many believe and that it was complete when John walked away, as they no longer had Apostolic authority. The Council of Nicea was a result of the Apostasy, not the cause. By then, Christianity was splintered into many factions. Nicea did not even end in consensus, the texts of those who did not agree were sought out and destroyed, and many lost their lives. Authority is not reached by consensus, but through revelation.
What caused the Apostasy? John Hall pointed out that the study of history is to find the most true cause.
John Hall said that knowledge gets withdrawn if you do not use it, if you rebel against it, or when you become unworthy of it, and is lost even faster when authority is lost. Nibley felt the Apostasy was brought on by disobedience and rebellion in the first and early second century. Joseph Smith taught that apostasy happens with removal of Apostolic authority and that is what happened the day John walked away.
The oldest fragment of the New Testament is from about 125 AD, approx. 15 years after John left. However, it was but a fragment of one page.
Translations are problematic. We have no original texts. The King James Version was translated from post-Nicea Byzantine texts. Both in Hebrew and Greek translations into English, words often have several meanings and one’s theology, philosophy, and agenda can drive the translation. I feel we are in the greatest danger when our philosophy or agenda drives our theology. Like Hitler quoting the Bible, but interpreting it through Nietzschean philosophy. So, men like Eusebius and Jerome need to be reevaluated in my estimation, as they were part of the post Nicea orthodoxy and had an agenda.
Jefferson read Greek. He could see the problems. He too looked forward to a restoration of the Christianity that Jesus and his disciples taught.
Another problem is that older texts had no space between letters, all caps and no punctuation. He gave the example of GODISNOWHERE which can be rendered GOD IS NOW HERE or GOD IS NOWERE. Joseph Smith felt the problems crept in due to ignorant translators, careless transcribers, and corrupt priests. The documents unearthed since his death are a witness that this indeed happened.
The earliest complete manuscript of the New Testament goes back to Constantine.
We have a lot of New Testament Manuscripts from 125 AD-800 AD. All major manuscripts were not found until after Joseph Smith’s death. So, when Joseph spoke he was speaking prophetically because he did not have the documents at the time to substantiate his claims. The documents discovered long after his death now verify what he said.
116 papyri scrolls
310 parchment codexes (book form) all Caps no word divisions
2877 in Cap and lower case, not one exactly the same.
All this said, according to Bro. Hall, Joseph Smith quoted from:
The Book of Mormon 20% of the time
The Old Testament 15% of the time
and the New Testament 65% of the time.
Problems aside, the New Testament has a lot of powerful doctrines. Joseph restored the original theology, taught the essential principle of apostolic authority, and that every dispensation ended in apostasy and every dispensation began with a restoration.
When early Christian documents began to be found that supported LDS theology, it was easy to dismiss the documents as not Christian. However, as the body has grown larger it is becoming clear that post-Apostolic Christianity was not the same as Apostolic Christianity.
In the end, what separates us from other Christians is that we believe in continued revelation. Isn’t God the same yesterday, today, and always? If he spoke then, why not now?